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A Brief Timeline
While his exact date of birth isn’t known, Adam Smith’s baptism was recorded on June 5, 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. His father, Adam Smith Sr, died just two months after his birth.
Anders Chydenius was born on February 26th, 1729 in Sotkamo, Sweden.
Adam’s education began at home with a private tutor before attending the Burgh School of Kirkcaldy for eight years.
Anders and his brother were taught privately at home by their father before attending the Oulu Grammar School and, after the War of the Hats of 1741-43, the boys studied privately in the city of Tornea.
Adam entered the University of Glasgow at the age of 14. He studied Latin, Greek, logic, moral philosophy, mathematics, and natural philosophy.
They entered The Royal Academy of Âbo in 1745. Later Anders studied mathematics, natural sciences, Latin, and philosophy at Uppsala University in Sweden.
Adam began delivering public lectures at the University of Edinburgh under the patronage of Lord Kames.
After his graduation, Anders was appointed preacher of the Chapel of the dependent parish of Nedervetil (today, part of Kronoby) in Ostrobothnia.
Adam was appointed the Professor of Logic at Glasgow University before changing to the position of Chair of Moral Philosophy.
Anders traveled to the Stockholm Diet to obtain free trading rights for the towns of Ostrobothnia. The cities of Karleby, Vasa, Björneborg and Uleåborg received navigational rights which helped with later development as well as helping all of Ostrobothnia. Anders participated actively in the Diet and one of his greatest achievements was an extension of the freedom of the press.
Adam Smith published his first work, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, which closely examined the moral thinking of his time.
Anders Chydenius published The National Gain, which closely examined free trade and industry, explored the relationship between economy and society, and laid out the principles for liberalism, capitalism, and modern democracy.
Adam returned home to Kirkcaldy, where he investigated the roles of productivity, division of labor, and free markets to complete the work on The Wealth of Nations, which was published in five volumes. It was influential in its time, and became a fundamental work in classical economics.
Anders was appointed rector of Karleby where he concentrated on parish work, and maintaining his own orchestra, and giving concerts in the rectory's reception hall.
Adam moved to Edinburgh, where he lived in Panmure House. He became one of the founding members of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
Anders Chydenius once again participated in the Diet, at which the position of servants was brought up, leading to him championing the rights of the servant class. Anders introduced a bill whereby foreigners were also granted limited rights to practice their own religion, which was a suggestion made by King Gustav III.
Adam carried out his final academic position as Lord Rector of Glasgow University.
Anders was active as a writer covering the development of agriculture, the burning of saltpeter, smallpox, and the settlement of Lapland. One of his last tasks was the supervision of building an extension to the old parish church.
Adam Smith died at his home in Edinburgh.
Anders Chydenius died in Kokkola, Findland.