Pronounced cultural differences exist across demographic groups in America, from TV show preferences to naming practices. Harvard economist Roland Fryer examines a provocative question: Is culture a cause or consequence of inequality?

Economists discovered surprising patterns in naming practices across racial groups by analyzing millions of California birth records. While the data initially suggested a correlation between traditionally Black names and economic outcomes, deeper analysis revealed an important truth: names in and of themselves don't determine success or failure.

Fryer shares his personal experiences of cultural shock at Harvard and explains how research dismantles harmful assumptions about cultural choices. The conclusion is that cultural differences should be celebrated, not blamed for inequality—powerful evidence that economics can illuminate our understanding of society's most complex issues.